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Method SectionDesign
A form of
discourse analysis was employed in this study to examine the social
construction of relationship discourses; specifically those discourses
pertaining to issues of ‘infidelity’ and ‘monogamy’ in relationships. To complement
this adoption of a discourse analytic approach a more detailed conversational
analysis approach was also implemented; a conversational analysis approach
locates negotiations of such issues as ‘power’ and ‘normality’ firmly within
the interactional speech of the participants. To collate a body of ‘data’
deemed suitable for such analysis, interviews were arranged with people to talk
about relationship issues and ‘media texts’ relating to issues of infidelity
and monogamy were opportunely gathered. These texts were thought to be
appropriate as discourses can be viewed as ‘linguistic sets of a higher order
than the sentence (while often reducible to a sentence) and carried out
or actualised in or by means of texts’ (Marin 1893:162, cited in Parker 1992:7) and therefore would be located in the
material gathered.
Procedure
A search
for variability, consistency and ‘narrative coherence’ (Willig 2001) in the
accounts (both interview and mediated texts) took place. Discourses were
speculated and located with the body of texts, with reference to the ‘seven
criteria for distinguishing discourses’ (Parker
1992:6-21). Furthermore in accordance with Gergen’s (1999:65-77)
assertions about the constructive components of narratives, the texts were also
examined in terms of metaphors, narrative realities and narrative forms. The
‘consequence’ and ‘function’ of the discourses were speculated, this was
directed by Potter & Wetherell’s (1987:165) guidance notes on data
analysis. Furthermore the accounts were
examined for ‘interpretative repertoires’; as defined by Potter & Wetherell
(1987:138) as ‘a lexicon or register of terms and metaphors drawn upon to
characterize and evaluate actions and events’. Finally the way relationship
discourses were rhetorically constructed and deployed by participants in the
management of certain conversational and narrative constructional dilemmas
(Speer 2001: 114) was examined.
Participants
Many
friends and colleagues were approached with the aim of getting them to take
part in an informal interview. It was assumed (rightly or wrongly) that
everyone would be able to formulate and share their opinions concerning issues
of ‘infidelity’ and ‘monogamy’ in relationships. Personally approaching people
was able to yield ten interviews in total, nine one-to-one interviews and one
small group discussion involving two participants and myself. Three of the
participants were male (all of whom took part in one-to-one interviews) and
eight of the participants were female. The ages of the participants varied from
eighteen to forty-nine.
Interviews
The aim
of the ‘interviews’ was to make them as informal as possible in order to elicit
a discussion and to enable the participants to relate any issues and
experiences that they deemed appropriate and important. Specific questions were
planned in advance (appendix) which were used as a memory prompt for myself and were intentionally deployed
so as not to provide a rigid structure to the interviews. In some cases it was
unnecessary to refer to the pre-set questions as some of the participants spoke
freely and (unwittingly) covered the question topics. The interviews were tape
recorded and latter transcribed (see appendix 2 for transcription conventions), interviews 1-10 (appendixes).
Complementary Texts
The
following media ‘texts’ were opportunely gathered: A documentary titled
‘Adultery of Therapy?’ that was aired on ITV during August 2000 was recorded
and later transcribed (appendix).
Episode IV, season II of the drama ‘Sex in the City’ was recorded and later
transcribed (appendix).
An article entitled ‘Men come clean: High Infidelity’, published in ‘More!’
magazine, issue 321 July 12th-25th 2000 (appendix). An extract from ‘The Good
Relationship Guide’ (appendix 16) and an article entitled ‘Are you heading for
an affair?’, published in ‘Real’ magazine, 17-30th April 01
(Appendix 17).
Reflexive Note‘The social scientist is not some autonomous being standing outside society. No one is outside society, the question is where he (sic) stands within it’ (C. Wright Mills 1959:204, cited in Gill 1998:18), to ignore or deny my subjective position within this body of research would seek to render my influence as the researcher invisible. The approach that I have taken allows an elaboration of the role of the researcher in the research process and the research product (Coyle 2001), the aim of such research is to make explicit the role my own ‘subjective’ experience has played in the entirety of the research process. The gathering of complementary texts, extract selection and the complete body of research produced is as much a reflection of my own personal interests and research aims as it is a reflection of the participant’s own cultural, social and historical background. |